Retort



3 Sheets-Sheet 1 RETORT J. H. VICKERS Filed May 18, 1926 Cct. 4, 1932.

4v/ J7 ATTORNEY Ot. 4, 1932. J. H. vlcKERs RETORT 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 18, 1926 ml l.. ll-ll Oct'. 4, 1932. 1 H V|CKER$ 1,881,153

RETORT Filed May 18, 192e s sheets-sheet 5 jay. 3.

Jaw

ATTORNEY iran stares pfrrin'r yoF-Ficr.;

.Tor-:N n. vicKRRs or HUDSON, NRW YORK, AssIGNoR 'ro iNTRRNATIoNAL Bi'TUMENoIL g vcoRroRiirroivI oi1 NEWYORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION or DELAWARE "ifo RETORT Application led May 18,

Y The present invention relates toa retort 'for the recovery of petroleum oils'. and gas lfrom oi-l shale-s and other carbonaceous niaterials by means 'of an efficient primary retort fand of the subsequent distillation of V4the products' derived from the carbonaceous inaterial in the liquid phase, to vvarious fractions, all of which is accomplished in .an economical manner from the standpoint of the utilization of fuel. The retort proper comprisesfan linclined rotating tube or cylinder through which the shale or `otlierca`rbonaj 'ceous'material to be treated passes, and while passing through this cylinder it is progres sively heat-ed from a relatively low to higher` temperatures by the application ofvlieat in v separate zones maintainedby novel and pracvtical means. In addition to this'retort chain- A ber, there are furnace'chaniberslocated ad- 20` yheat Zones ofthe retort cylinder, and these jacent the retort and adjacentl the several chambers areV separately*V heated,partly or wholly, by the heat created from the source of heat which is lutilized for heating the carbonaceous material inthe cylinder. Associated with each ofthese several heat cham- Y bers are suitablestills in which the levolved petroleum or other materials derived from V'the carbonaceous material is fractionated or 'distilled off at different specific gravities, the' several stills handling the product in the liquidphase. The main object of the invention isv to'provide for the recovery of a maximum quantity of high quality petroleum from oil shale, and the distillation of the recovered petroleum into-different fractions,'all inv a continuous process and with the maximum 'conservation offuel. In addition, the'present device,"whileperforming all of these functions in their consecutive order, and operating simultaneously, is simple andfcom- *pact in construction. In the preferred construction of the invention the carbonaceous material rprogresses by gravityv through the revolving retort cylinder and the liquid under treatment in the several stills progresses therethrough by gravity.

ln addition to separating they petroleum into different vfractions by distillation, l also providea unit'operating in conjunction with 1926. serial No. `109,834.

section showingv one embodiment of my ino0 vention, f v v Iigure 2 is a planl view thereof, Figure 3y is a sectional view taken near the left'hand end of the cylinder.

Figure 4f is an end viewA ofthe apparatus 65 llooking at the left hand end of Figure 2, 'and f Figure 5 is a cross sectional view through the revolvable cylinder.

In the -drawings'l have shown a long cylindrical retort 1 which is preferably mounted in an' inclined position in' order thatf the shale or other carbonaceous material may lprogress lengthwise therethrough by gravity. In the drawings I have shown this cylinder provided: at one endy with an Aannular .flange Q'which is bolted tothe cylinder to form` a bearing member which rests upon and revolves freely in relation t'o the roller trunnions. Adjacent the opposite end of the cylinder there is a similar annular ring '4 attached thereto, and this rests upon roller trunnions 5 arranged-at opposite sides of the vertical center of the cylinder. Preferably the front rollers Shave flanges between which the member 2 engages to prevent longitudinal shifting of the cylinder, whereas the rear rollers 5 may have iiat tops in order' to allow the member 4 to shift as the expansion andcontraction of the cylinder require.`

- I have provided a gear 6 which is attached to "the forwardend of the cylinder, and power may be applied 4from any suitable source (not shown) to this gear for the4 purpose of revolving` the retort cylinder upon the supporting rollers, in order that the shale or other material may be turned over while it isprogressing throughthe retort chamber in order to subject all portions tothe heating action. The'shale or other material'to betreated is fed into a hopper 7 from which i100 .withlthe rotating screen'i'orfthe purpose o;

fit passes through a tube into an inclined chamber 9; and within the latter there is a 'screw' Conveyor lO for Vforcing the material Ytoward the left in vFigure 1, through the chamber 9 and into the receiving end of the revolving cylinder. I prefer' togarrange an airsealingvalve 11within' the tube 8fto eX- clude air from reaching theretort chamber, and the use of such device is well known. At'

'theflower'or' dischargec'end of the cylinder 1 y therey is 'a verticaldischargel tube Y12 which is in communication with the interior of the cylinder, Aand this-receives the spent shaleV and discharges it intoahorizontal chamber 13 arranged atthe bottom theerof, and theA latter chamber there isY a serewconveyor 1.4L which is revolved by suitable.-power, for

Y :feeding4 the y'sp'entrshale along thechamber'13 .to the outlet or discharge opening 15.'` The tube 12 is continued; upwardly above the end of thecylinderto providea medium for col- V vlecting thefvapors-whichare evolved from the shale in the retort chamber, and thiscol- .lecting Vchamber.discharges the vapors into a'pipe16. Within the collecting ychamber 17 there is Va revolving screen 18, through "which the vapors areobligedto pass,"V and this serves ftocollect any dust or solid lparticles which tend to'rise with the oil vapors. 'lpreferto'vprovide a, brush 19 in oontac dislodgingV the particlescollected by the screen, and these particlesmayfall down-*the `,tube 12 and be. discharged with the spent 3 5 ff vThe screen, 18 is inclined the same as the :retortcyliiider so that if any particles work J throughV it they will Ytravel by gravity toward the'lefthand end' of the screen" in Figure 1 ;and'ldischarge downwardlyyof the same in-v to the tubep12. i The frame of the screen fis providedl with aj gear-'. and` this gear is l operated by means'v of a gear 86 arrangedon the end ofthe retortc'ylinder within the tube 12,17'. As the Cylinder revolves,'the motionis ,--transrnitted -throughgthe gears 86, 85 rvto the screen andl this ca-uses the latter to revolve in 'contact with kthe :brush 119. i

Y tliespacebetween these. cylinderswith a body of--V heat equalizing material 22 whichwill serve fto equalize theV heat; Y applied toithe 'shale throughout one of the heat zones. 'Preferablythereis a separate bodyof suchyequallprefergto construct the revolving retort 50' cylinderlof inner and outer concentric tubes orcylinders 20, 21y spaced apart, and to fill fizing material for Veach heatingz'one'of the aimie-A o The inclined,V revolvable cylinder is sur- `160 roundedl throughoutlthe greater part ofl its length by 'means of awall structure, prefer- @ably .madefof "fire brick ior Aother refractory material; and inthe drawings lhave shown the structure comprising a bottom wall 23, @dew-s117524, 2,5- and a top@ wall 26' surrounding the revolvable cylinder. The forward end of this structure has an iii-turned wall 27 having an opening 28 just si'ificiently large to clear the periphery ofthe revolving cylinder. Spaced from this first'wall is a similar wall 29y serving as a partition and this, likewise has'a central yopening just sufficient to. clear.

the periphery of the cylinder. These walls, Vtogether with the top, bottoni and sidewalls,

form a combustion chamber 30 ofmore or less annularl shape'surroun'ding a section of the: revolving retort cylinder, and this may be' considered as the first heating zone ofthe retort. At a distance from the wall29 there v is asimilar wall 31 which isr also provided with an opening sufficient .to clear the periphery of the cylinder, and thiswall, together with the inturnedwall 29forins'a combustion chamber 32i Asurrounding they cylinder, and

Nthis maybe 'considered as Vthe second heating Zone of the retort. Y I have shownlanother iny wardly extending or dividing wall 33 spaced lfrom the wall 31 and these twodividing walls forni a combustion chambersurrounding the cylinderjsimilarto those previously described; and this may be considered as the thirdheating Zone of the retort. Thereis also shown another in-turned dividing wall 841 at the end of thev structure, whioh'is provided witha similar opening Ato cleaithe cylinder, and

this, together withthe wall forinsfa com -bustion chamber 8 5 surrounding the cylinder, and this constitutes the fourth heating. zone. lt will vbe understood that although I have shown theenclo'sure divided into four heat zoning compartments, the device maybe made with leither a lesser, or greater number of suchcompartinents, accordingL to the :ca-

projectedacross this chamber `below they revolving cylinder, and preferably below the Vc'arborunduin 'plates 38 disposed across the vcombustion chamber. The' flames projected `from these burners are prevented yfrom acting directlyupon the cylinder 'byY thei'ntervening f Carboriindum plates, sothat there will be no possibility of theflames coming into direct contact with'thecyhnder and causing spot ...heating andsealing of'its outersurface.' vhave s own asimilar -set ofA burners 39 for projecting flames across the second oombustion chamber 32 and Ll have likewise provided carborundum plates over these` burners for the same purpose as,the ;,corresi mdee Plates .leinthe first compartment. 'I have` also .shown 'i :neen-s "similar burnersf40for the third1 compartvment,iand similar burners .41 for the fourth "willbe-so arranged that the several combushiher tem eratures startinwrfromthe' first tion chambers will be'heated progressively to 'chamber at kthe rightin Figure l,.which will 'be heated to a relatively lower temperature,

`whereasthe second, third and fourth com- Afpartments will be progressively heated each to a higher degree than the first one, and to 'each compartment precedin U it. Thisdiiference, of temperature may be controlled by Y using burners ofsgreater-capacity in the dif- *ferent compartments, or as shown 1n the drawings, a greater number of burners may Abeused for the higher ltemperature compart- `ments than those for the lower temperature f compartments.

The burners are supplied "from any source offuel supply which may be gas,'oil or other fuel, by means of the feed -pipeff42. Preferably, the burners are con- A structedvfto admit a suiiicie-nt portion of air to supply oxygen for combustion and the fuel l shown' this as composedof a bottom wall 43,

front and rear walls 44, 45, and suitable end walls andthese walls. are shaped to receive 4and support the cylindrical stills which constitute theV several units ofthe oil refining apparatus. As shown in Figure 3 there is a pocket formed in the lwalls 44, to receive a portion of a still and to support the same above the floor 43 so that there is formed -a 1 heating chamber 46 extending across and under thev still. In the side wall 25 of the virst structure there is an opening 47 permitting communication'between one' of the com- Abustion vchambers under the revolving cylin- Lder, and with the heating compartment 46 -under one of the stills. I prefer to arrange a still kin vline with-each Vof the combustion chambers as shown in Figure 2, andto 'provide one of the communicating openings 47 between each combustionl chamber and' one In the chambers, and there is a vpassage 47 from each The several stills are arranged progressively at dif- .ferent levels, starting with the still'48 on the right' of'v Figure l at the highest'level, and Athestill`49 'next thereto at a slightly lower level; and the stills 50 and 51 are aty progressively lower levels, so that oil or other liquid will flow by gravity through the several stills, 'starting in the righthand still 48 terminating at the point which will constitute the operating level of the oil in this rst still.` vThis pipe extends from the still 48 across to the second still 49, being provided. A with' the valve 53 to control the flow of oil" therein; and the other end of the pipe 52 extends'upwardly within the second still and its upper open end is arranged at the 'height which is to constitute the operating level of ,n

the liquid in this tank; which level is prefer- "'80 ably somewhat lower than the level in the first still in addition to the difference due to the different horizontal planes of the stills; that is to say, if the level of the first still is to be at the center of this'still the level in the sec- 95 ond still will preferably be slightly below the center line of this still. A similar pipe 54 l having similar open ends, is lconnected'between the still 49 and the third still 50 and, the open ends of this pipe, lying within these 190 respective stills, will likewise be arranged at the liquid level of the still 49 and the other at the liquid level of the third still 50 which latter level will preferably be lower than that p of the second still. I depend to a great eX- tent upon the difference in elevation of the severaly stills for the flow of the liquid progressively through them, but as vaporsare evolved in each stillnaturally the quantity of liquid in the second still will be less than "1.00

that of the first, due to the losswof these vapors, and likewise in the successive stills the quantity of liquid 'will be less than in each preceding still, and for *this reason the sev-1;., eral open ends of the connecting pipes'arei arranged at progressively lower levels than in the preceding stills in order to allowv for thedecrease in volume of oil as it progresses through the severalv stills.y `I have arranged at the rear of the row of stills suitable conin densers 55, 56, 57, 58 one for each still, and

the latter are connected by suitable pipesy 59 with their respective condensers in order that the vapors evolved in each still may pass through the corresponding connecting piper 59 into the corresponding condenser and in these condensers the vapors are condensed into liquid hydrocarbon products.

I have provided a condenser for reducing..

'the vapors which pass from the retort, intoizo vliquid'state before entering the stills as it is the intention to carry on the distillation process in the liquid phase. For this purpose the pipeO which receives the vapors from.. the collecting chamber'l connects with ahu pump 62 which serves to create a partial vacuum in the collecting chamber andretort cylinder; and this pump delivers the vapors, together with any condensed liquid, through., l the coil of pipe 63 which is water-cooled, and 130 :which forms a condenser for condensing the i .d crude oil or whatever other product has been 1 'revolved in 'the retort chainhenf From. the

'coilof .pipe At3. the condensed liquidi-Which may` loef considered as; crude/oil for-the purvpse ofillustratiori, isY conductedthr'oiigh the rpipef64 into the' first still 48. l have vshown la valve 65, together with anout-let for coni `ducting on Vanynon'-condensahle,gases, and

lthis'nfiayloe carriedv to a suitablev gas-holder from which the gas'for operatingthe burnvers for heating retort and-stills may he taken.

'It Willlhe noted the pipe 60 which convducts the crude Aoil vapors to the vacuum pump is inclined,vr in order tliat'the vapors will pass over in ,this pipe and any heavy oil which mayhavefcondensed lup to' this point Willrui'rhaclr toWardthe left in Eigure 1, int'oythe collecting. chamber 61 and this heav ier cih-togetherwith any paraliin which may have collected in this chamber by condensa- Y tion from ftheoily vapors passing through the l vapor pipe iinay'he' conducted` from the 68' arrangedV behind the third and'y fourth ychamber through-.ar pipe Givvhic'h is Controlledi hy a'valve 6'? f into a residue receiver stillsgl have also provided -a pipe `69 control-led by! a valve 7,0 for conducting thekeroseneWhich-has condensed in the second condenser 56 into the residue receiver 68.VV l v have also provided a connecting pipe 71 With aV valve .77 with ,the third still 50 in which lubricating*foil yvapors are fractionatedV and ,this pipe delivers the residue from the third still into. the residue receiver.Y The contents ofthe residue receiver,arewithdravvn by a 7pressure pump 78 which yforces it into the fourth still 5,1.A This isa high -pressure tank maintained at sujlilciently high temperature, y g say 800 degrees,vso that the liquid treated in this tanlrunder-v a high pressure'of several 'C3 Y i atmospheres is'siihjectedto a crac-king action for the urtosel of increasino` the gasoline Y i Y Y n c. production from the kerosene, lubricating oil still -iesidueand 'paraffin condensate.4r `The volatiles produced iiirthishigh pressuretanlr lareconduc'ted hy ya vp ipef59 into the condenser' 58 associated Withthis still, wherein cracked volatiles are condensed.'

A i OperationV Y' lcrushed-.shale or other carhonaceous A material vvhicliis to be treated isfcontinuously fed intothe hopper 'Z'- andY it falls through the -verticaltuhe 8 and past the air-seal valve 11 into theihori'zontal'feed chamber 9 Where it :i'stalten by the screvvconveyor 1()V and rforced along this chamberuntil it is delivered into r.thereceiving end `of the inclined revolving Vretortfcylinder. ln this cylinder the shale is caused toprogress hy gravity from Ithe "right to left hand end in Figure 1, theshale heing'coiitinuallycturned over and agitated c loyrthe lifters 80.- During the first part of the j; travel'y of 'the shalefin the retort, it is v suh- -1v,881,1h513 Y jected "tothe heating-"action of jthey burners in the first `lire looX 301Which is. suf'icient to iraise thev temperature of the shale' Vpreparjatory: to the vaporizing ofrthe hydro-cartonsV` Ytlriereinfloiit .preferably'the temperatureV not sufficient Yto actually release theoil vapors at this point As thefshale progressesv to the knext heat zone,Y in the retort, itWill he suhjectedto the heat .of thehurnersin thefire "box 32 and in thisheat jzonejthe shale WillAvr he raised to al higher` temperature than when itlvvas travelling inthe first' portion of the cylinder, or in the first heat Zone. "As the shale progresses, it is suhj ected to still lgreater again by the heat ofthe burners inthe fire vhoX 35 which latter Will raise the temperature ofthe shale to say 1100jdegrees Fahrenheit, which Will cause the-iinmedi ate and Vcomplete release of'oil vapors; andthese vapors VWill hel dravvii ofi by the partial vacuum-'into theY collecting Vchamher1?, the rotary screen 18V .servingto capture and throW down any particles of dust or solid matter-Whichinay be carried bythe vapors and fixedgases. 'The spent Vshale-Will fall out 'of the rear end :Tof the retort,V cylinder into the tube 12 and from heat by the burners in thefi'irelhox.`B4andi180 there it Will pass into the'horizontal chaml her 13 vvher'eit 'is taken bythe'screvvfcon-v i veyor 14' and advanced to the Vdischarge opening 15. Thejvaporsiywhich lie ingthelcollectingy chamber 17 ypass: into the pipe 16 and any 'paraflin condensing fronithe downward fractionating of 'these vaporscollects in the chamher 61 and the remaining vapors are- 'drawn `over through thejfpipe 60 and into the pump 62; Fromthe pump the vapors are fed into vthe condenser 63'vvhich reducesA the vapors to the liqu-idstate preparatory to itspassage into the several stills; :From this condenser the crude oil passes through the 1pipe64 into 1 the i'irst still, the Viixed, ,conihustive gas first escaping through the outlet 65V to a gas-holder.v In this first still the oil is subjected to box 30 'and Whichhas primarilyserved to provide Vtheheat for the iirst Zone of the retort chamber, the residue of theY products vof coi'nloustionV passingl .threugh the, `opening 47 under the'iirststill Where'the products of coinhustion'are again utilizedfor raising the temperatures of 'this` still tothe point Where il the gasoline content of theoil willloe vapor- VViredand pass through the correspondingpipef 59 intofthe condenser connected With this .st-ill.

`This condenser 55, therefore, yWilljcontain thev 4first fractionvvhich 1in rthe instance Yillus-y ,trated will he gasoline.'v The i liquid ,from .thisfirst still 48 Willv iiovv hygravity through thepipe 52into the second still. Thi'sla'tter still is heatedl hy the Waste productsl Ofcom- .hustion passing froi'nthe second lire-box 32 through Aone, of the openings 47 ,which travel into theiheatiiig chamber 46 under this` secondi Vin the Wall 25, yinto the heating'chamher 46,E

still; and serve toheat the4 latter. As they waste products of combustion from this second burner compartment will be at a higher temperature than the products from the first burner compartment, the still 49 will be 59 into the second condenser 56 where it will be condensed into liquid hydro-carbon such as kerosene. The residue will flow also by i gravity from the second still 49 through the pipe 54 into the thirdstill 50 ready for further treatment. This still is heated by the waste products of combustion in the` fire boX 32a passing through the opening 47 and into the chamber 46 under the third still.

These products of combustion` will be sutli-v cient to raise the temperature of the third still to 4a higher degree than thatof the second still, so that the vapors formed in `this third still will pass over in the pipe 59 to the condenser 5'? and the vapors condensed here will, in the illustration, constitute lubricating oil. The contents of the keroseneV Vcondenser are allowed to flow through the pipe 69 into the receiverGS and the residue ofthe third still 50 is also allowed to flow through the pipe 7l into the residue receiver;

A it is heated by the pro'ducts of lcombustion asi lthe smoke stack 82.

passing from the fire boXy 35 to the chamber 46 under this still. The still will be raised in temperature preferably to about 800 degrees Fahrenheit, which, together with the pressure created therein, will cause the oil to be cracked and thevapors will pass over through the pipe 59 into thecondenser 58 Vwhich will condense cracked gasoline. In some vcases it vmay benecessary to provide burners inthe heating compartment 46 under the Itank 51 to attain the cracln'ng temperv atures ifV the products kof combustion from kthe fire boX 35 are not sulhcient to maintain the correct temperature. I have providedV a flue 8l communicating with all of the heat chambers 46 under the stills as a means for discharging the products of combustion into The shale is conducted through the retort by gravity, and the rotation of the retort 60 Y Y successively. through the several stills which tube and the oil evolved' from the shale is conductedV partly or whollyby gravity are arranged at `different levels in order to accomplish this gravity flow. Bythe ar- Y rangement of iire'boXes and heatingcha'mbers Yherein described, it is possible to` maintain progressively higher heating zones `for the shale while it is progressing through the retort rand it is also possible to make economical use of theproducts of combustion from the several fire boxes for the purpose of heating the several stills, and in such manner thatV tlie'several stills are heated to the'degrees necessary to accomplish fractional distillation throughout the series. By employing a high pressure and high temperature in the last still, am enabled to crack the Va rions residues in order to obtain a maximum gasoline yield from the oil. In other words, I have provided for a continuous retort action followed by continuous fractional distillation and cracking, the distillation and cracking being accomplished in the liquid i phase and the entire operation being carried out with the greatest conservation of fuel.

Having described my invention, what 1 claim is l. An apparatus of the class described comprising a revolvable cylinder through which carbonaceous material is adapted to travel, means lenclosing said cylinder to form separate 'heating chambers for heating the said cylinder in a plurality of heat zones lengthwise thereof, separate heating means in said chambers forlieating dilferent portions of said cylinder to relatively different temperatures, a plurality of stills and means connecting them in series whereby liquid will travel successively through said stills, means for reducing the product evolved in said cylinder to the liquid phase and for delivering the same to the first of said series of stills and means forming separate heating chambers under said separate stills and arranged to receive the products of combustion from said heating means in Vsaid iirst mentioned chambers.

2. An apparatus of the class described comprising a revoluble cylinder through which carbonaceous material is adapted to travel, means enclosing said cylinder to form separateheating chambers for heating the` said cylinder-in a plurality of heat zones lengthwise thereof, separate heating means in said chambers foi' heating different portions of said cylinder to different degrees of temperature, a plurality'of stills and means connecting them in series, said stills being arranged in different horizontal planes whereby liquid will liow successively by gravity through said stills, means for reduc,- ing the products evolved in said cylinder to the liquid phase and delivering the same into the first of said series of stills, and means forming separate heating chambers under said stills, said latter heating chambers receiving the products of combustion from the heating means in said first chambers.

3. An apparatus of the class described comprising an inclined revolvable' retort cylinder through which carbonaceous ma- A' ao Y Y f firstof'said'series of stills.

teri'alY is adapted to travel, means; enclosing Y said Acylinder togform separateheating-cham-` 1 bers for heating ythe vsaid cylindervin .a plu-- rality -of heat jzonesVA lengthwise/thereon L-'rt separate heating means in said; chambers adapted to Vlheat different portions of saidn cylinder todiiferent degrees of temperature,

a plurality offstills and lmeans connecting.

cylinderthrough which carbonaceous mate!Vv Y rialis adapted to travel, means'enclosing saidrcylinder to form separate heating chambers V 2 5 for heatingthe said cylinder in a plurality of heat Zones lengthwise thereof, separate heating means 'in said chambers Vadapted to heat ydifferent vportionsy ofvsaid cylinder to different ldegrees of temperature, agpluralityf 30 of stills and meansconnecting them in seriesv ysaidstills being arranged in diferentliori- Zontal planesfwhereby liquid will travel suc-' cessively through said stills ,byV gravity, means for reducing the products evolved inV 35 said cylinder to the liquid phase and delivering' the same to the first .of said series of stills, means forming separate heating chamy vbersfun'dery the separate stills, said Vlatter chambers jreceivingthe products of combusrwtion from the heating means rin said firstV *mentioned chambers, and separateconden# sers for condensing the volatiles formed in the several stills.

An apparatus the classr'described:

5comprising anfinclined revolvable retort cylinder through which carbonaceous materia'lis Va'daptedfto travel, means enclosingsaid v cylinder `toform' separate heating chambers forheating "the cylinderfina plurality of i, A zones lengthwise thereof, sfr-.eparateI heating '5' means in Vsaid* chambers. for vprogressively v `heating.different portions of said cylinder to relativelyrhigher degrees, a plurality vof A Y stills, means Yconnecting f said stills in 4series whereby liquid will travel successively through them and means forming separate c heating chambers under :the individual stills,

said latter chambers receiving vthefpproducts' ofcoinbustion l'from said i'irst mentioned heateoring chambers, and'means for, reducing the 1-' .-v'ap'ors,evolved in said retort tothe liquid the liquid tof'the" stage and forVv delivering Y An apparatus of the class described `comprisingV an inclined g revolvable eylinder A 'H v"jf-'through Ywhich carbonaceous material'. 'is

adapted totravel,nieansformingan encl'osi ure around said, cylinder and including lateral dividing walls for lseparating the space between Vsaid Y cylinderV vand enclosure s into separate heating chambers, separate-means'in; said Vchambers for heating different portions of saidV cylinder tof relatively dinerent de-` grees, stills, means connecting said stills in series. whereby liquidv willV travel therethrough successively and means forming` heating chambers under the individualstills, said latter heating chambers "receiving` the products of combustion separately from saidv first heating'chambers 'and means for reduC- ing the products evolved in said cylinder to the liquid phase and delivering the same to the first'ofsaid series of stills.V

'7C-An' apparatus of theHclass-described comprising a :revolvable retort cylinder through which,y carbonaceous--material is adapted .to travel, means enclosing said cyll inder to form separate'heating chambers for heating said cylinder in a plurality ofY heat Zones lengthwise thereof, separate heating means in said chambers, a plurality of'- stills,` means for connecting said stills `inV series' wherebyliquid will travel through themisuccessively' "and means for reducing the prodvucts evolved in said' 3ylinder to the liquidY phase and'delivering the same .to-thefirst of said s-eries'of stills, means forming heating chambers under Y the separate stills and Vseparately receiving the products of combustion from saidfirst heatin chambers and means Y Y Y a i Y o( i Jl for maintaining at least one of said lstills under high pressure* for uct fed thereto.V Y

`8. An apparatus'of comprising a revolvable retort cylinder throughV whichV carbonaceous material isVv adapted to travel, means enclosing said cylinder to form separate heating chambers for heatingV said` cylinder-in 'a' plurality of heat Zones Alengthwise thereof, separate heating meansin' said'. chambers, aplurality .of stills,

Vmeans connecting said" stills in series wherecracking the prodev l the cla-ss described I byliqu'id will travelV successively? through f them means forming heating chambers un- 'der the separatestills, said latter .heating chambersreceivingthe products of combustion separately fromthe said first heating chambers'nieans for reducing the products( evolved insaid cylinderto the liquid phase andv delivering the same'tothe firstiof Said` series of stills, individual" .frcondensersH for' the respective stills for condens-ingthe vapors evolvedk in the/separate stills, the last 'still in the series' comprising-a high pressure craclring still,1means'for maintaining thev same under Y pressure, and means VKfor.y .feedingV the' liquid from one of saidV condensers together.

with Ythe VVresidue from 'thestill' next pred ing the efaknsstiii :afgani Cracking SiniY forthe'pi'irposerget.frth y Y.

.Y 91' apparatus j of the classyV described .i L'- comprising an inclined, revolvable, retort cylinder through which carbonaceousina-- terial is adapted to travel, means enclosing said cylinder to form separate heating chainbers for heating 'the'saidcylinder in a plurality of heat zones lengthwise thereof, separate heating means in said chambers adapted to heatdifierent portions of said cylinder to different degrees of temperature, a plurality of stills means connecting said stills in series whereby liquid will travel succes-f sively therethrough and means for reducing the product evolved in said cylinder to the liquid phase and delivering the saine the first of'said series of stills and means forming separate heating chambersunder the separate stills, said lat-ter chambers separately receiving the products of combustion from said first chambers whereby said stills are heated relatively diderent degrees.

lO. An apparatus of the class described comprising a revolvable retort cylinder through which carbonaceous material is adapted to travel, means enclosing said cylinder to form separate heating chambers for heating said cylinder in a plurality of heat zones lengthwise thereof, separate heating means in said chambers, a lplurality of stills and means connecting said stills in seriesv whereby liquid will passV successively therethrough, and means for reducing the product evolved in said cylinder to the liquid jphase anddelivering the same to the first of said series of stills, means forming heating chambers under the separate stillsand separately receiving the products of combustion from said lirst heating chambers, means for maintaining at least one of said stills under high pressure for cracking the product fed thereto, individual condensers for condensing the vapors from the separate stills, and

means for feeding theliquid from one of said Y condensers togetherl with the paraiiin condensate fractionated from vapors passing from the retort, to said cracking still.

1l; An apparatus of the class described, including va revolvable retort cylinder through which carbonaceous material is adapted to travel, means enclosing said cylin-V der toform separate heating chambers for ieating said cylinder in a plurality of heat zones lengthwise thereof, separate heating means in said chambers for heating diierent portions of said cylinder to relatively different temperatures, a plurality of stills and means connecting them in series' whereby liquid will travel` successively through said stills, a condenser and means for delivering the vapors evolved in said cylinderv into said condenser in which latter the-vapors are reduced to ythe liquid pliase,'means for deliv- Yerging the condensed liquid from said condenser into the iirst` of said seriesof stills,

to receive the products of combustion from said heating means in said irst mentioned chambers.

l2. An apparatus of the class described,

Vcomprising a revolvable retort cylinder 'portions of said cylinder to relatively different temperatures, a plurality of stills and means connecting them in l series whereby liquid will travel successively through said stills, means for'reducing the product evolved in said cylinder to the liquid phase and delivering the same into the iirst of said series of stills, means forming vseparate heating chambers under said stills and arranged to receive the products of'combustion from said heating means in said irst mentioned chambers, and separate condensers and means connecting them separately with said several stills whereby the vapors evolved in the several stills will be separately condensed.

Signed this 11th day of May, 1926 at Hudson, county of Columbia, and State of New York.

JOHN H. VICKERS.

uw du) 

